Myositis
Overview
Myositis is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the muscles, leading to muscle weakness, fatigue, and difficulty with everyday movements. In some forms, it can also affect the skin, lungs, and other organs.
Common Signs And Symptoms
- Breathing Issues
- Difficulty With Daily Activities Climbing Stairs Lifting Objects Rising From A Chair
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Joint Pain Or Swelling
- Muscle Weakness Pain And Tenderness
- Skin Rashes Purple Or Red Rash On The Eyelids Face Knuckles Elbows And Knees
- Trouble Swallowing Dysphagia
Types of Myositis
Myositis includes several rare autoimmune disorders that cause chronic muscle inflammation and weakness. The most common types include:
- PM(Polymyositis)Polymyositis typically affects adults and causes progressive muscle weakness, especially in the shoulders, hips, and thighs. It often impacts both sides of the body equally and may make it difficult to climb stairs, lift objects, or rise from a seated position.
- DM(Dermatomyositis)In addition to muscle weakness, dermatomyositis presents with distinctive skin rashes, such as a violet or reddish rash on the eyelids, knuckles, or chest. It can affect both children and adults.
- IBM(Inclusion Body Myositis)This form tends to develop more slowly and usually affects older adults. It causes weakness in both proximal and distal muscles, often impacting the thighs and forearms, and may lead to trouble gripping objects or walking.
- JM(Juvenile Myositis)A rare form of myositis affecting children, juvenile myositis includes both polymyositis and dermatomyositis subtypes. It may cause muscle weakness, skin rashes, and fatigue in young patients
Diagnosis Journey
Learn more about how people who are experiencing signs and symptoms of myositis can be diagnosed. There is no single test that confirms myositis. Doctors typically begin by reviewing medical history and performing a physical exam focused on muscle strength and inflammation.
Treatment Options
While there is no cure for myositis, several treatments can help manage symptoms, reduce inflammation, and improve muscle strength and function. Treatment plans are often tailored to each person’s specific type and severity of myositis. Common treatment options include:
- 01CorticosteroidsOften the first line of treatment, steroids like prednisone help reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
- 02Immunosuppressive MedicationsDrugs such as methotrexate, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil may be used to control the overactive immune response and reduce reliance on steroids.
- 03Biologic TherapiesFor certain patients, medications like rituximab may be used, especially in cases that don’t respond to standard treatments.
- 04Physical TherapyA customized exercise program can help maintain or improve muscle strength, flexibility, and mobility.
- 05Speech or Swallowing TherapyIf myositis affects the muscles used in speaking or swallowing, therapy with a specialist may be recommended.
- 06Skin Care TreatmentsIn dermatomyositis, topical creams or medications may help treat rashes.
- 07IVIG(Intravenous Immunoglobulin)IVIG therapy may help modulate the immune system in patients who don't respond to other treatments.
- 08Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange)In rare, severe cases, this procedure may be used to remove harmful antibodies from the blood.
Ongoing Research
Myositis is a disease that requires more effective treatment options. To find these new treatments, further research is necessary.
Current Research Studies
There are over 100 myositis research studies that are actively recruiting participants. Visit ClinicalTrials.gov to find myositis research studies near you.
Research & Resources
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