Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Nervous System

Overview
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Research
Resources
Stories & Profiles

Overview

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) that occurs when the immune system attacks the layer surrounding nerve cells, known as the myelin sheath. When myelin is lost, it damages nerves and disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body.

At A Glance

Nervous System condition Long-term condition

Common Signs And Symptoms

Fatigue
Muscle Weakness Spasms And Stiffness
Tingling And Numbness In The Limbs
Bladder Problems
Difficulty Balancing Walking And Standing
Tightness Or Squeezing Sensation Around The Torso Or Chest Ms Hug
Vision Issues

People with multiple sclerosis may experience a variety of symptoms including:

Diagnosis Journey

Blood TestsUsed to eliminate other conditions that have similar symptoms to MS and to identify indicators that are associated with MS.Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture)A needle is inserted into the spine to remove a portion of spinal fluid, which is then tested for infections or abnormalities in antibodies and immune cells.Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Detects lesions in the brain or spinal cord. Lesions are caused by damage to the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves.Neurological ExaminationChecks for any abnormalities or weakness in vision, limb strength, speech, balance, coordination, walking, and reflexes.Evoked Potential TestThis test requires patients to watch visual patterns while electrodes are applied to measure the time it takes for information to travel down the nerve pathways.

Treatment Options

Although there is no known cure for MS, treatments and medications can effectively reduce its signs and symptoms.

Treatment for Signs and Symptoms

Below are a few examples of treatment options for reducing some signs and symptoms of MS:

01TherapyPhysical therapy and occupational therapy can assist individuals with MS in building muscle strength and learning techniques to perform everyday tasks on their own.
02Muscle Relaxants and SedativesMuscle relaxants and sedatives can assist individuals with MS in alleviating muscle pain, stiffness, and spasticity that may occur.
03Treatment for Bladder ProblemsBladder issues may lead to bladder infections, hygiene problems, and kidney damage. Treatment for bladder issues could include diet changes or medications to help with bladder control.
04Medications to Reduce FatigueThere are some medications that can help manage chronic fatigue for people with MS.

Ongoing Research

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that requires more effective treatment options. To find these new treatments for MS, further research is necessary.

Current Research Studies

There are over 480 multiple sclerosis research studies that are actively recruiting participants. Visit Clinicaltrials.gov to find MS research studies near you.

Research & Resources

Clinical research helps scientists learn more about Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and develop better treatments for the future.